48 digital-youth.eu iSpring, a PowerPoint-based authoring toolkit that allows users to create quizzes, slidebased courses, dialogue simulations, screencasts, video lectures, and other interactive learning materials, offers guidance on creating good educational quizzes. Given its expertise, it is suggested to maintain diversity in your quizzes by including open-ended, sequence, true/false, fill-in-the-blank, and multiple-choice questions (Colman, 2022). Using only one type of quiz can reduce the participants’ interest, and therefore it is not recommended. You can use quizzes in order for learners to recall information, interpret/explain information, apply principles, rules, or methods to solve a problem, separate a complex idea into its component parts, combine existing ideas or make judgments based on evidence (ibid). Either way, in order to be effective, the questions should be concise and simple, containing a maximum of 20 words (ibid). The use of unnecessary information can make the question complex, requiring more time to understand it (ibid). Furthermore, it is important to keep the same structure and length in all response options and provide only one correct answer. As Youth Workers, it is essential to provide accurate feedback to the participants. When a learner fails a question, you can share a brief explanation of why they are mistaken and some additional information on the issue (e.g., links for further reading). Moreover, try to incorporate time limits into your quizzes, as it makes it harder for the participants to search online for the answer. In order to set the right time limits, you can see how long a quiz takes for you to complete it and triple that time for the participants. A true/false question may require 30 seconds, a multiple-choice question 60 seconds, a short answer question 2 minutes, an essay question 10-15 minutes and the final review 5-10 minutes (Clay, 2001). Prefer to use less than 15 questions, as the participants will not be motivated to continue (ibid). Videos The design and development of educational videos are particularly important for Youth Workers but also tricky. Therefore, Josef Buchner (2018) provides some design principles that are easy to be followed. Firstly, combine visualisations with spoken text, and not only combine pictures with written text or written with spoken text. Secondly, integrate highlighting elements in the video, such as arrows or colour combinations. This way, you can keep the participants’ interest alive, moving their attention to the parts being explained. Thirdly, avoid distractions (such as music, background noises or unnecessary additional or redundant information) by keeping the video simple. Moreover, it is suggested that the speaker is being visible in the video with their face and shoulders in
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